Daniel Finkelstein suggests that Immigration is won or lost in the playground [£]:

Integration is relatively easy to achieve. But it won’t take place by urging immigrants to integrate themselves. All over the world, immigrant communities integrate with broader societies simply by sending their children to school. In a single generation, by socialising with their peers, immigrant children become British children. As Judith Rich Harris explains in her book No Two Alike, the task of adolescents is to make their way in a world dominated by their peers, not their parents. So they quickly adjust to the norms of their peer group.

Which makes integration a matter of maths. If a school peer group is dominated by British children, the children of immigrants will integrate into it. But if the size of their own immigrant peer group is big enough, then, being only human, young people will socialise mainly with other members of that group.

Thus the difficulty with mass immigration is not, in fact, mass at all. Over time Britain can, and should, absorb many immigrants. The problem with mass immigration has been its speed. At its current, incredible, pace there is no chance for integration, either now or in the near future. And immigration without integration is bound to produce serious political tension, whether the sponsors of such a policy regard such tension as reasonable or not.

Slowing the pace of immigration is not about opposing immigrants. It’s about making a success of immigration.

Yes indeed. As this letter [£] from Professor Raj Bhopal argues, it works:

My late parents came from Punjab, India, and settled in the Gorbals of Glasgow in December 1955, and brought few assets except themselves and two children. My father had four years of schooling and rudimentary English. My mother had no schooling and no English. They were champions of hard work and education. My father’s small-scale trading ventures led to a thriving business that employed numerous local people for 40 years.

My mother raised her children in Scotland providing the country with an engineer, two doctors (including me), a businessman, a university academic, a teacher, a lawyer and another graduate professional. All her children, educated in Scotland, graduated from universities. The story is commonplace, rather than the exception, at least in Glasgow, and of course it echoes the tales of migrants internationally and across the centuries.

But there's one obvious corollary which Finkelstein doesn't mention. If these immigrants are supposed to integrate by mixing in the playground with children from the majority culture, then what about faith schools? I very much doubt that Professor Bhopal and his siblings attended a faith school. In faith schools immigrants - notably Muslim immigrants – are mixing solely with fellow immigrants. Everything they learn about British culture comes through the prism of a Muslim home environment and a Muslim school environment. And much of that, if we're to believe some recent TV programmes, is not, generally, positive. So there's no integration. So the corollary is, if we want to make a success of immigration, abolish faith schools. In fact, if you wanted to design a system whereby integration was made as difficult as possible, and separate communities were your desired outcome, you'd be hard pressed to come up with anything better than faith schools.

Perhaps Finkelstein doesn't make that obvious connection because, being a man with close connections to the Conservative Party, he wouldn't want to embarrass his friends in power. Though, of course, Labour is no better.

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8 responses to “Integrating in the Playground”

  1. Fabian from Israel Avatar

    Tough decision. Why would you penalize perfectly integrated Jews by abolishing their schools?
    I know a little about the issue in Argentina, which was created as country of immigrants.
    Argentina indeed promoted forcefully a melting pot ideology and immigrant Jews sent their children to state schools where in a generation yiddish became a second language and in two generations only isolated words remained. However, Jews sent their children to supplementary schools also, and the Jewish culture sustained itself for a while. And the integration was excellent in the country.
    However, in 1966 the Argentinian government propossed a project whereby state schools would function the whole day, making supplementary education impossible and threatening the whole Jewish education system, which was almost completely supplementary. Though the project was aborted, the Jewish organizations decided to create Jewish integral schooling and by 1971 all except 2 Jewish schools were integral (you studied general studies half a day, and Jewish studies the other half). That didn’t affect the degree of integration of Argentinian Jews in society. More than half of Argentinian Jews sent their children to these “faith” schools (though they were mostly secular-Zionist schools, not religious).
    Now, lets say that the government allowed today a massive immigration of Muslims into the country, and worried about their integration, tried to abolish ethnic schools (which are private, though subsidized in the costs of the teachers of general studies). Why would you agree to penalize Argentinian Jews because of the integration problems of Muslims?
    Now, lets say that

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  2. Fabian from Israel Avatar

    You know you can’t abolish faith schools only for Muslims because it is not egalitarian, and you would do much wrong to the British Jews if you abolish their faith schools. So maybe you could forbid the children of immigrants attending a faith school, (but allow the children of first generation British citizens to attend). However, that would seem discriminatory between citizens and would also probably be rejected by the courts.
    I only know that if you abolish faith schools less and less Jews will stay in Britain.

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  3. Dom Avatar
    Dom

    “But if the size of their own immigrant peer group is big enough, then, being only human, young people will socialise mainly with other members of that group.”
    I don’t know if England is as far along the immigration debate as the US, but if you are, be prepaired to have this statement answered with: “If the immigrant group is that big, then the English children should integrate with it. And what is wrong with that?”
    What Finkelstein is recommending is called, over here, inauthentic diversity — an immigrant group that comes to acquire the veneer of the dominant culture. These are the so-called “Coconuts” — brown on the outside, but white on the inside.
    You’ll know you’ve jumped the shark when you call a company and get the message, “Press 1 for English; Press 2 for Spanish”, the second part said in Spanish, of course. And we’ve started to reverse the order sometimes, because of complaints that one language was favored over the other.

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  4. Mick H Avatar
    Mick H

    I don’t think you can easily compare immigration in the US, a country of immigrants, with British immigration. I was amazed in New York to find a Little Ukraine in the East Village – or the Russian community in Brighton Beach where all the shop signs are in cyrillic. Ethnic division seems to be accepted. Here I don’t think that “coconuts” slur has much force. Integration, though not necessarily total integration (whatever that means), is expected. Inter-racial couples are far more common, I think.
    As for the Jewish thing, Fabian – what about the US? No country, surely, has been more welcoming to its Jewish immigrants, but it’s still a secular society which doesn’t accept faith schools (isn’t it? Do Jewish faith schools exist in the US?)

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  5. Fabian from Israel Avatar

    Mick: they do exist, and how! I just don’t know if they receive State subsidies or if they are totally privately funded.
    See: http://www.jesna.org/about-us/overview/our-mission
    It is a NGO that is kind of an education ministry for Jewish schools.
    While the dominant Jewish education model in the US was the Sunday school (which means even less week hours than the supplementary Jewish schooling had in Argentina), in the last two decades the model has changed a lot towards integral Jewish schooling. If I am not mistaken it is now the dominant Jewish schooling model in the US.

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  6. Dom Avatar
    Dom

    If by Faith schools you mean, a school intended for children of a given faith, in which the principles of that faith are taught to the exclusion of others, then yes, they exist. They are privately funded, because our first amendment prevents public funding of these schools. The first amendment also prevents tax refunds if you send your children to these schools. For example, you can’t argue, “I pay taxes for public schools and I relieve the expense of public schools by not using them, so I should get some tax back.”
    The first amendment is very strictly interpreted. When I was young and went to a Catholic grade school, the government had a program which subsidized a reading program. It was not allowed in Catholic schools (and I assume other faith schools).

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  7. Dom Avatar
    Dom

    I should add too that at the college level (not the elementary or High School level) the faith schools are all integrated. At my Catholic College, most of the students (and some of the faculty) in the Pre-med department were Jews.

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  8. TDK Avatar
    TDK

    I think the American experience has to have some relevance.
    Before the 20th century religion had a huge influence in education and separate colleges would cater for say Catholics and Protestants. People from the “wrong” background wouldn’t be able to get in certain schools. And yet against this background a clear sense of American identity grew. So schools are not the only factor.
    In the UK I had friends who went to Catholic schools and they were completely integrated. That’s happened despite the fact that in Northern Ireland the opposite occurred.
    I would say that whatever harm Muslim schools do the problem is aggravated by modern sensibilities. It is one thing to teach kids nonsense like creationism and rote learning of religious texts. It is another to expect that child to prosper in a modern society. Unfortunately we live in an age when the orthodox explanation for the poor career achievement of Pakistani children is not the education standards they attain but the racism of our society, despite the fact that all other south Asian children do better than the indigenous. We are afraid to say “this is baloney” and as such we give them an excuse to continue to opt out.
    It isn’t just the schools that create the divide, the official policy of multiculturalism seeks to promote those aspects of immigrant culture that might be softened in normal circumstances.

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